Calibration of volcanic flow simulations using thermal images: the 4th and 9th december 2010 eruption of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador).

Description: Ecuador?s volcanoes are part of the ?Northern Volcanic Zone? (NVZ) of the Andes, which extends from Colombia to Ecuador, representing the active volcanic portion of the northern Andes. The NVZ is the result of subduction of the Nazca Plate (12-20 Ma) beneath the South American Plate along the Colombian-Ecuadorian trench (Feininger & Seguin, 1983; Guillier et al., 2001). In Ecuador, the result of this subduction is the development of intense magmatism with the formation of many volcanic edifices since the Late Pliocene (Barberi et al., 1988; Hall and Beate, 1991).